The J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board, formerly the Board of Foreign Scholarships, consists of 12 Presidentially-appointed members who oversee the operation of the Fulbright program and the selection of all Fulbright grant recipients. The Board was initially established under legislation introduced in 1946 by former Senator J. William Fulbright of Arkansas to set policies and procedures for the Fulbright Program, and to select its participants. The Board is authorized to select individuals qualified for study, research, instruction, and other educational activities, to select educational institutions qualified to participate in the program, and, in general, to supervise the program authorized by the legislation. Its mandate was extended in 1961 to include executive supervision and final selection of all individual academic exchanges. The Board also supervises the Hubert H. Humphrey North-South Fellowship Program. Grant nominations are made to the Board by cooperating agencies in the United States and by binational commissions and USIA posts abroad. The principal cooperating agencies which assist the Board in the conduct of the Fulbright Program are the Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES), the Institute of International Education (IIE), and the International Exchange Programs (Department of Education). The Board reports annually to the Congress and the public on Fulbright Program activities.